Li-Qiang Qin

). Our findings suggest that nut consumption is associated with reduced all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with the strongest reduction for CHD mortality. Both tree nuts and peanuts may lower mortality and most of the survival benefits may be achieved at a relative low level of nut consumption.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of oily and nonoily fish consumption and fish oil supplements with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 392,287 middle-aged and older participants (55.0% women) in the UK Biobank who were free of diabetes, major cardiovascular disease, and cancer and had information on habitual intake of major food groups and use of fish oil supplements at baseline (2006–2010). Of these, 163,706 participated in one to five rounds of 24-h dietary recalls during 2009–2012. RESULTS During a median 10.1 years of follow-up, 7,262 incident cases of T2D were identified. Compared with participants who reported never consumption of oily fish, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of T2D were 0.84 (95% CI 0.78–0.91), 0.78 (0.72–0.85), and 0.78 (0.71–0.86) for those who reported <1 serving/week, weekly, and ≥2 servings/week of oily fish consumption, respectively (P-trend < 0.001). Consumption of nonoily fish was not associated with risk of T2D (P-trend = 0.45). Participants who reported regular fish oil use at baseline had a 9% (95% CI 4–14%) lower risk of T2D compared with nonusers. Baseline regular users of fish oil who also reported fish oil use during at least one of the 24-h dietary recalls had an 18% (8–27%) lower risk of T2D compared with constant nonusers. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that consumption of oily fish but not nonoily fish was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Use of fish oil supplements, especially constant use over time, was also associated with a lower risk of T2D.

Social isolation and loneliness have been recognized as important psychosocial factors affecting human health. We aimed to examine the relationships of social isolation and loneliness with the likelihood of healthy aging among older women and men. The prospective study included 13,782 female and 11,838 male participants who were aged 64 years or older and had no major chronic diseases during recruitment of the UK Biobank (2006–2010). All participants were eligible to survive to age 80 before the latest follow-up (December 2021). Healthy aging was defined as survival to age 80 without major chronic diseases. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of social isolation, loneliness and their combination with the likelihood of healthy aging. A total of 9130 women (58.77%) and 6406 men (41.23%) achieved healthy aging. After adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, social isolation was associated with a significantly 20% and 14% lower likelihood of healthy aging among women and men, respectively, whereas among both sexes the associations for loneliness were similar but statistically non-significant. Among women, the association between loneliness and healthy aging varied by social isolation status (P interaction = 0.031), with an inverse association limiting to women who were socially isolated (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43–0.87). Women with both social isolation and loneliness had a 48% (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37–0.73) lower likelihood of healthy aging as compared with women with neither, and this association remained after adjusting for a wide arrange of sociodemographic, behavioral, biological, and female-specific risk factors (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.44–0.90). Such a joint relationship was not observed among men. A coexistence of social isolation and loneliness was associated with a substantially lower likelihood of healthy aging among women. Our findings highlight the importance of social support in extending women’s healthspan beyond the management of traditional risk factors.

We conducted a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to examine the effects of strawberry interventions on cardiovascular risk factors. We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus to identify eligible studies published before 19 May 2019. The endpoints were blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TAG, fasting blood glucose, endothelial function and inflammatory factors. Pooled analyses were performed using random- or fixed-effects models according to a heterogeneity test. We also conducted sub-group analyses by baseline endpoint levels. We included eleven RCT in this meta-analysis (six for blood pressure, seven for lipid profile, seven for fasting blood glucose and six for C-reactive protein (CRP)). Overall, the strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels by 0·63 (95 % CI -1·04, -0·22) mg/l but did not affect blood pressure, lipid profile or fasting blood glucose in the main analyses. Our analysis stratified by baseline endpoint levels showed the strawberry interventions significantly reduced TC among people with baseline levels >5 mmol/l (-0·52 (95 % CI -0·88, -0·15) mmol/l) and reduced LDL-cholesterol among people with baseline levels >3 mmol/l (-0·31 (95 % CI -0·60, -0·02) mmol/l). There was little evidence of heterogeneity in the analysis and no evidence of publication bias. In summary, strawberry interventions significantly reduced CRP levels and may improve TC and LDL-cholesterol in individuals with high baseline levels.