Yahui He

Object detection is an important task for self-driving vehicles or advanced driver assistant systems (ADASs). Additionally, visual selective attention is a crucial neural mechanism in a driver’s vision system that can rapidly filter out unnecessary visual information in a driving scene. Some existing models detect all objects in driving scenes from the aspect of computer vision. However, in a rapidly changing driving environment, detecting salient or critical objects appearing in drivers’ interested or safety-relevant areas is more useful for ADASs. In this paper, we managed to detect salient and critical objects based on drivers’ fixation regions. To this end, we built an augmented eye tracking object detection (ETOD) dataset based on driving videos with multiple drivers’ eye movement collected by Deng <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">et al.</i> Furthermore, we proposed a real-time salient object detection network named increase-decrease YOLO (ID-YOLO) to discriminate the critical objects within the drivers’ fixation region. The proposed ID-YOLO shows excellent detection of major objects that drivers are concerned about during driving. Compared with the present object detection models in autonomous and assisted driving systems, our object detection framework simulates the selective attention mechanism of drivers. Thus, it does not detect all of the objects appearing in the driving scenes but only detects the most relevant ones for driving safety. It can largely reduce the interference of irrelevant scene information, showing potential practical applications in intelligent or assisted driving systems.

Biologics, including proteins and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), face significant challenges when it comes to achieving intracellular delivery within specific organs or cells through systemic administrations. In this study, we present a novel approach for delivering proteins and ASOs to liver cells, both in vitro and in vivo, using conjugates that tether N-acetylated galactosamine (GalNAc)-functionalized, cell-penetrating polydisulfides (PDSs). The method involves the thiol-bearing cargo-mediated ring-opening polymerization of GalNAc-functionalized lipoamide monomers through the so-called aggregation-induced polymerization, leading to the formation of site-specific protein/ASO-PDS conjugates with narrow dispersity. The hepatocyte-selective intracellular delivery of the conjugates arises from a combination of factors, including first GalNAc binding with ASGPR receptors on liver cells, leading to cell immobilization, and the subsequent thiol–disulfide exchange occurring on the cell surface, promoting internalization. Our findings emphasize the critical role of the close proximity of the PDS backbone to the cell surface, as it governs the success of thiol–disulfide exchange and, consequently, cell penetration. These conjugates hold tremendous potential in overcoming the various biological barriers encountered during systemic and cell-specific delivery of biomacromolecular cargos, opening up new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of a range of liver-targeting diseases.

This paper explores the dynamic landscape of Chinese internet slang and digital culture, analyzing its evolution, impact, and challenges. Through case studies and critical analysis, it delves into the linguistic innovations, cultural implications, and societal dynamics shaping digital discourse in contemporary China. The study investigates the emergence of new slang terms, the role of digital platforms in fostering online communities, and the complexities of navigating privacy concerns and regulatory frameworks. By examining future directions and implications, the paper seeks to offer insights into the transformative potential of Chinese internet slang and digital culture in shaping communication, identity, and social interactions in the digital age.

Poly-L-hydroxyproline (PHyp) is a synthetic analogue of collagen, the most abundant protein for animals, and holds immense potential for broad biomedical applications. The synthesis of PHyp, however, involves inefficient protection-deprotection steps and has been restricted to relatively low molecular weight (MW) and linear topology. Here, we report the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of unprotected hydroxyproline N-carboxyanhydrides (Hyp-NCA) for the facile one-step synthesis of PHyp with tunable linear or branching topologies. Employing an innovative water-assisted ultrafast polymerization technique, the research achieves the synthesis of linear PHyp with MW up to 7.5 kDa, featuring adjustable terminal groups and narrow dispersity. The study further introduces a tertiary amine-triggered one-pot polymerization method in DMSO, which leads to the preparation of branched PHyp (B-PHyp) with MW up to 438 kDa, ~40 times higher than previous record of PHyp. Facile post-polymerization modification of B-PHyp affords injectable hydrogels with a critical gelization concentration as low as 1.0%. The polymers, characterized by their distinctive collagen-like polyproline type II (PPII) helices, offer significant prospects in drug delivery, wound healing, and other biomedical applications.