A. Konaka

We present measurements of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ disappearance in K2K, the KEK to Kamioka long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. One-hundred and twelve beam-originated neutrino events are observed in the fiducial volume of Super-Kamiokande with an expectation of ${158.1}_{\ensuremath{-}8.6}^{+9.2}$ events without oscillation. A distortion of the energy spectrum is also seen in 58 single-ring muonlike events with reconstructed energies. The probability that the observations are explained by the expectation for no neutrino oscillation is 0.0015% ($4.3\ensuremath{\sigma}$). In a two-flavor oscillation scenario, the allowed $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2}$ region at ${sin}^{2}2\ensuremath{\theta}=1$ is between 1.9 and $3.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}}^{2}$ at the 90% C.L. with a best-fit value of $2.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}}^{2}$.

We present results for ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ oscillation in the KEK to Kamioka (K2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. K2K uses an accelerator-produced ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ beam with a mean energy of 1.3 GeV directed at the Super-Kamiokande detector. We observed the energy-dependent disappearance of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$, which we presume have oscillated to ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$. The probability that we would observe these results if there is no neutrino oscillation is 0.0050% ($4.0\ensuremath{\sigma}$).

Experiment E949 at Brookhaven National Laboratory has observed three new events consistent with the decay ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ in the pion momentum region $140<{P}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}<199\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c$ in an exposure of $1.71\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$ stopped kaons with an estimated total background of $0.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17(\mathrm{stat}{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.24}^{+0.32}(\mathrm{syst})$ events. This brings the total number of observed ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ events to seven. Combining this observation with previous results, assuming the pion spectrum predicted by the standard model, results in a branching ratio of $\mathcal{B}({K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})=({1.73}_{\ensuremath{-}1.05}^{+1.15})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$. An interpretation of the results for alternative models of the decay ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+nothing$ is also presented.

Three events for the decay ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ have been observed in the pion momentum region below the ${K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ peak, $140<{P}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}<199\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/c$, with an estimated background of $0.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.17(\mathrm{stat}.{)}_{\ensuremath{-}0.24}^{+0.32}(\mathrm{syst}.)$ events. Combining this observation with previously reported results yields a branching ratio of $\mathcal{B}({K}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}\ensuremath{\nu}\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}})=({1.73}_{\ensuremath{-}1.05}^{+1.15})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ consistent with the standard model prediction.