Yuxia Liu

The sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon, optimization strategies of electrochemical performance, and the scientific challenges towards the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries were systematically summarized and analyzed.

Abstract The urgent demand for lithium ion batteries with high energy density is driving the increasing research interest in Si, which possesses an ultrahigh theoretical capacity. Though various modification strategies have been proposed from the aspects of electrolytes, binders, Si‐M alloys, and Si/C composites, the preparation of nano‐structured Si is the first step for industrial application, since it has the potential solve the intrinsic problem of severe volume change during the lithiation/delithiation process. A series of Si nanostructures including 0D (nanoparticles), 1D (nanowires, nanotubes), 2D (thin film), and 3D (porous structure) have been developed and displayed encouraging results. However, it remains a great challenge to realize industrial production with acceptable cost and batch stability. In this review, the preparation development of nano‐structured Si is revisited. After briefly introducing the market situation for nanostructured Si, the fabrication of various kinds of nanostructure Si are introduced, and the corresponding progress including ball milling, magnesium thermal reduction, temple method, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical etching are comprehensively reexamined and compared from the perspective of mechanism, cost, technical maturity, and recent development. Finally, the further directions of nano‐structured Si preparation toward industrial production are deeply discussed. This review of preparation of nanostructured Si helps to pave the way toward commercial application of high energy density Si‐anodes.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (Ferlay et al., Int J Cancer 136:E359-386, 2015). In addition, lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality among all cancer types (Wu et al., Exp Ther Med 16:3004-3010, 2018). Previous studies report that microbiota play an important role in lung cancer. Notably, changes in lung and gut microbiota, are associated with progression of lung cancer. Several studies report that lung and gut microbiome promote lung cancer initiation and development by modulating metabolic pathways, inhibiting the function of immune cells, and producing pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, some factors such as microbiota dysbiosis, affect production of bacteriotoxins, genotoxicity and virulence effect, therefore, they play a key role in cancer progression. These findings imply that lung and gut microbiome are potential markers and targets for lung cancer. However, the role of microbiota in development and progression of lung cancer has not been fully explored. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on relationship of lung and gut microbiota with lung cancer. In addition, we explored gut-lung axis and potential mechanisms of lung and gut microbiota in modulating lung cancer progression. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary and intestinal flora influence the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer, and will provide novel strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.

Shape memory effect in polymer materials has attracted considerable attention due to its promising applications in a variety of fields. However, shape memory polymers prepared by conventional strategy suffer from a common problem, in which high strain capacity and excellent shape memory behavior cannot be simultaneously achieved. This study reports a general and synergistic strategy to fabricate high-strain and tough shape memory organohydrogels that feature binary cooperative phase. The phase- transition micro-organogels and elastic hydrogel framework act synergistically to provide excellent thermomechanical performance and shape memory effect. During shape memory process, the organohydrogels exhibit high strain capacity, featuring fully recoverable stretching deformation by up to 2600% and compression by up to 85% beneath a load ≈20 times the organohydrogel's weight. Furthermore, owing to the micro-organogel and hydrogel heterostructures, the interfacial tension derived from heterophases dominates the shape recovery of the organohydrogel material. Simple processing and smart surface patterning of the shape memory behavior and multiple shape memory effects can also be realized. Meanwhile, these organohydrogels are also nonswellable in water and oil, which is important for multimedia applications.