Fei Xiao

We report on the development of highly conductive NiCo2S4 single crystalline nanotube arrays grown on a flexible carbon fiber paper (CFP), which can serve not only as a good pseudocapacitive material but also as a three-dimensional (3D) conductive scaffold for loading additional electroactive materials. The resulting pseudocapacitive electrode is found to be superior to that based on the sibling NiCo2O4 nanorod arrays, which are currently used in supercapacitor research due to the much higher electrical conductivity of NiCo2S4. A series of electroactive metal oxide materials, including CoxNi1-x(OH)2, MnO2, and FeOOH, were deposited on the NiCo2S4 nanotube arrays by facile electrodeposition and their pseudocapacitive properties were explored. Remarkably, the as-formed CoxNi1-x(OH)2/NiCo2S4 nanotube array electrodes showed the highest discharge areal capacitance (2.86 F cm(-2) at 4 mA cm(-2)), good rate capability (still 2.41 F cm(-2) at 20 mA cm(-2)), and excellent cycling stability (∼ 4% loss after the repetitive 2000 cycles at a charge-discharge current density of 10 mA cm(-2)).

We have successfully fabricated an asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy and power densities using graphene hydrogel (GH) with 3D interconnected pores as the negative electrode and vertically aligned MnO(2) nanoplates on nickel foam (MnO(2)-NF) as the positive electrode in a neutral aqueous Na(2)SO(4) electrolyte. Because of the desirable porous structure, high specific capacitance and rate capability of GH and MnO(2)-NF, complementary potential window of the two electrodes, and the elimination of polymer binders and conducting additives, the asymmetric supercapacitor can be cycled reversibly in a wide potential window of 0-2.0 V and exhibits an energy density of 23.2 Wh kg(-1) with a power density of 1.0 kW kg(-1). Energy density of the asymmetric supercapacitor is significantly improved in comparison with those of symmetric supercapacitors based on GH (5.5 Wh kg(-1)) and MnO(2)-NF (6.7 Wh kg(-1)). Even at a high power density of 10.0 kW kg(-1), the asymmetric supercapacitor can deliver a high energy density of 14.9 Wh kg(-1). The asymmetric supercapacitor also presents stable cycling performance with 83.4% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.

We reported the development of a new type of multifunctional titanium dioxide (TiO2)-graphene nanocomposite hydrogel (TGH) by a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach and explored its environmental and energy applications as photocatalyst, reusable adsorbents, and supercapacitor. During the hydrothermal reaction, the graphene nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles self-assembled into three-dimensional (3D) interconnected networks, in which the spherical nanostructured TiO2 nanoparticles with uniform size were densely anchored onto the graphene nanosheets. We have shown that the resultant TGH displayed the synergistic effects of the assembled graphene nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles and therefore exhibited a unique collection of physical and chemical properties such as increased adsorption capacities, enhanced photocatalytic activities, and improved electrochemical capacitive performance in comparison with pristine graphene hydrogel and TiO2 nanoparticles. These features collectively demonstrated the potential of 3D TGH as an attractive macroscopic device for versatile applications in environmental and energy storage issues.

The integration of graphene nanosheets on the macroscopic level using a self‐assembly method has been recognized as one of the most effective strategies to realize the practical applications of graphene materials. Here, a facile and scalable method is developed to synthesis two types of graphene‐based networks, manganese dioxide (MnO 2 )–graphene foam and carbon nanotube (CNT)–graphene foam, by solution casting and subsequent electrochemical methods. Their practical applications in flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors are explored. The proposed method facilitates the structural integration of graphene foam and the electroactive material and offers several advantages including simplicity, efficiency, low‐temperature, and low‐cost. The as‐prepared MnO 2 –graphene and CNT–graphene electrodes exhibit high specific capacitances and rate capability. By using polymer gel electrolytes, a flexible all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor was synthesized with MnO 2 –graphene foam as the positive electrode and CNT‐graphene as the negative electrode. The asymmetric supercapacitors can be cycled reversibly in a high‐voltage region of 0 to 1.8 V and exhibit high energy density, remarkable rate capability, reasonable cycling performance, and excellent flexibility.

We report a facile one-step ultrasonication-assisted electrochemical method to synthesize nanocomposites of graphene and PtNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs) and their uses for highly selective nonenzymatic glucose detection. We have demonstrated that the obtained nanocomposites exhibit a collection of unique features including well-dispersed NPs with alloy features, high NP loading, and effective reduction of graphene oxide (GO). And the resulting nanoelectrocatalyst shows significantly improved electrochemical performance in nonenzymatic amperometric glucose detection, compared to a number of control electrode materials including the PtNi NP-chemically reduced GO nanocomposites fabricated in two steps (chemical reduction of GO followed by the electrodeposition of metal NPs). Under the physiological condition, the response current of the sensor is linear to glucose concentration up to 35 mM with a sensitivity of 20.42 μA cm(-2) mM(-1) at a substantially negative potential (i.e., -0.35 V). Operation under this potential eliminates the impact from the oxidation of common interfering species. This sensor with excellent sensitivity and selectivity also allows for reproducible detection of glucose in human urine samples.