Mark S. Thompson

Although mechanical stabilisation has been a hallmark of orthopaedic surgical management, orthobiologics are now playing an increasing role. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of plasma fraction of autologous blood having platelet concentrations above baseline. The platelet alpha granules are rich in growth factors that play an essential role in tissue healing, such as transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. PRP is used in various surgical fields to enhance bone and soft-tissue healing by placing supraphysiological concentrations of autologous platelets at the site of tissue damage. The easily obtainable PRP and its possible beneficial outcome hold promise for new regenerative treatment approaches. The aim of this literature review was to describe the bioactivities of PRP, to elucidate the different techniques for PRP preparation, to review animal and human studies, to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of PRP in trauma and orthopaedic surgery, to clarify risks, and to provide guidance for future research.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRedox and spectral properties of monooxo polypyridyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium in aqueous mediaKenneth J. Takeuchi, Mark S. Thompson, David W. Pipes, and Thomas J. MeyerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 13, 1845–1851Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00181a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00181a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4497Altmetric-Citations316LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

The economic impact of disease and injury has most often been calculated by examining the costs associated with the prevalence of the impairments in the reference year. An alternative accounting approach is to assign all disease costs to the year of incidence, an approach which entails present-valuing to the year of incidence both health care expenditures and lost productivity. The incidence approach is the more appropriate for gauging the economic gains achievable through prevention, immediate rehabilitation, and arresting progression. Incidence-based costs have been estimated for the United States in 1975 for cancer, coronary heart disease, motor vehicle injuries, and stroke. A noteworthy finding is the relative economic importance of motor vehicle injuries, which frequently have been overlooked in the ordering of public health expenditure priorities. After cancer, which generated approximately $23.1 billion in present-valued costs in 1975 (discounted at 6 per cent), motor vehicle injuries and coronary heart disease constitute the next most expensive conditions--having generated estimated annual costs of $14.4 billion and $13.7 billion, respectively. Stroke, at $6.5 billion, follows in economic importance.

Introduction to Cost Analysis Establishing an Analytic Framework The Concept and Measurement of Costs Placing Values on Ingredients Analyzing Costs Benefits, Effects, and Utility The Use of Cost Evaluations