Shuangbin Xu

packages to offer tidy interfaces for data operation and visualization. Other new features include gene set enrichment analysis and comparison of enrichment results from multiple gene lists. We anticipate that clusterProfiler 4.0 will be applied to a wide range of scenarios across diverse organisms.

Phylogenetic trees and data are often stored in incompatible and inconsistent formats. The outputs of software tools that contain trees with analysis findings are often not compatible with each other, making it hard to integrate the results of different analyses in a comparative study. The treeio package is designed to connect phylogenetic tree input and output. It supports extracting phylogenetic trees as well as the outputs of commonly used analytical software. It can link external data to phylogenies and merge tree data obtained from different sources, enabling analyses of phylogeny-associated data from different disciplines in an evolutionary context. Treeio also supports export of a phylogenetic tree with heterogeneous-associated data to a single tree file, including BEAST compatible NEXUS and jtree formats; these facilitate data sharing as well as file format conversion for downstream analysis. The treeio package is designed to work with the tidytree and ggtree packages. Tree data can be processed using the tidy interface with tidytree and visualized by ggtree. The treeio package is released within the Bioconductor and rOpenSci projects. It is available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/treeio/.

Abstract While phylogenetic trees and associated data have been getting easier to generate, it has been difficult to reuse, combine, and synthesize the information they provided, because published trees are often only available as image files and associated data are often stored in incompatible formats. To increase the reproducibility and reusability of phylogenetic data, the ggtree object was designed for storing phylogenetic tree and associated data, as well as visualization directives. The ggtree object itself is a graphic object and can be rendered as a static image. More importantly, the input tree and associated data that are used in visualization can be extracted from the graphic object, making it an ideal data structure for publishing tree (image, tree, and data in one single object) and thus enhancing data reuse and analytical reproducibility, as well as facilitating integrative and comparative studies. The ggtree package is freely available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtree .

In many aspects of life, epigenetics, or the altering of phenotype without changes in sequences, play an essential role in biological function. A vast number of epigenomic datasets are emerging as a result of the advent of next-generation sequencing. Annotation, comparison, visualization, and interpretation of epigenomic datasets remain key aspects of computational biology. ChIPseeker is a Bioconductor package for performing these analyses among variable epigenomic datasets. The fundamental functions of ChIPseeker, including data preparation, annotation, comparison, and visualization, are explained in this article. ChIPseeker is a freely available open-source package that may be found at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ChIPseeker. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: ChIPseeker and epigenomic dataset preparation Basic Protocol 2: Annotation of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 3: Comparison of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 4: Visualization of annotated results Basic Protocol 5: Functional analysis of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 6: Genome-wide and locus-specific distribution of epigenomic datasets Basic Protocol 7: Heatmaps and metaplots of epigenomic datasets.